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Annual Outlook on Agriculture
Show-Me 2024 Missouri Agricultural Outlook
Show-Me 2025 Missouri Agricultural Outlook
Policy Briefs
RaFF Policy Brief 2025-2(7)
American Relief Act, 2025: Economic Assistance for North Carolina Crop Producers
RaFF Policy Brief 2025-2(6)
American Relief Act, 2025: Economic Assistance for Georgia Crop Producers
RaFF Policy Brief 2025-2(5)
American Relief Act, 2025: Economic Assistance for North Dakota Crop Producers
RaFF Policy Brief 2025-2(4)
Risk Management Programs for Missouri Livestock Producers
RaFF Policy Brief 2025-2(3)
American Relief Act, 2025: Economic Assistance for South Dakota Crop Producers
RaFF Policy Brief 2025-2(2)
American Relief Act, 2025: Economic Assistance for New York Crop Producers
RaFF Policy Brief 2025-2(1)
American Relief Act, 2025: Economic Assistance for South Carolina Crop Producers
RaFF Policy Brief 2025-1(4)
American Relief Act, 2025: Economic Assistance for Wisconsin Producers
RaFF Policy Brief 2025-1(3)
American Relief Act, 2025: Economic Assistance for Arkansas Crop Producers
RaFF Policy Brief 2025-1(2)
American Relief Act, 2025: Economic Assistance for Florida Crop Producers
RaFF Policy Brief 2025-1(1)
American Relief Act, 2025: Economic Assistance for Iowa Crop Producers
RaFF Policy Brief 2024-12(4)
Accounting for Underestimated Debt in Farm-Sector Liquidity & Solvency Measures
RaFF Policy Brief 2024-12(3)
American Relief Act, 2025: Economic Assistance for Missouri Crop Producers
RaFF Policy Brief 2024-12(2)
American Relief Act, 2025: Economic Assistance for Crop Producers
RaFF Policy Brief 2024-12(1)
From Grassland to Cropland and Back to Grassland
White Papers
Decision Tools
American Relief Act 2025: Economic Assistance Calculator
State Farm Income Estimates
Farm Earnings Explorer
View and interact with State Farm Income data in Power BI by clicking the graph below
State Farm Income Outlook Reports
Missouri
Farm Income Outlook
Fall 2024
Recommended Citation: Plastina, A. & D. Chinn. “Fall 2024 Missouri Farm Income Outlook.” RaFF Report #09-2024,
Division of Applied Social Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia. October 11th
, 2024.
Kansas
Farm Income Outlook
Fall 2024
Recommended Citation: Plastina, A., Chinn, D., Parcell, J., Ifft, J., O’Brien, D., Ibendahl, G., & A. Roach. “Fall 2024 Kansas Farm Income Outlook.”
RaFF Report #10-2024, Division of Applied Social Sciences, University of Missouri – Columbia. October 11th, 2024.
Arkansas
Farm Income Outlook
Fall 2024
Recommended Citation: Plastina, A., Chinn, D., Biram, H., Mitchell, J., & R. Loy. “Fall 2024 Arkansas Farm Income Outlook.” RaFF Report #11-2024, Division of Applied Social Sciences, University of Missouri – Columbia. October 15th, 2024
Nebraska
Farm Income Outlook
Fall 2024
Recommended Citation: Plastina, A., Chinn, D., Lubben, B., Dennis, E., McClure, G., Parsons, J., Thompson, E., and C. Walters. Fall
2024 Nebraska Farm Income Outlook.” RaFF Report #12-2024, Division of Applied Social Sciences, University of Missouri – Columbia. October 17th, 2024.
Texas
Farm Income Outlook
Fall 2024
Recommended Citation: Plastina, A. & D. Chinn. “Fall 2024 Texas Farm Income Outlook.” RaFF Report #16-2024, Division of Applied Social Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia. October 24th, 2024.
Iowa
Farm Income Outlook
Fall 2024
Recommended Citation: Plastina, A., Chinn, D., & C. Hart. “Fall 2024 Iowa Farm Income Outlook.” RaFF Report #13-2024, Division of Applied Social
Sciences, University of Missouri – Columbia. October 16th, 2024.
Illinois
Farm Income Outlook
Fall 2024
Recommended Citation: Plastina, A., Chinn, D, & G. Schnitkey. “Fall 2024 Illinois Farm Income Outlook.” RaFF Report #15-2024, Division of Applied
Social Sciences, University of Missouri – Columbia. October 21st, 2024.
Minnesota
Farm Income Outlook
Fall 2024
Recommended Citation: Plastina, A., Chinn, D., K. Klair, & R. Craven. “Fall 2024 Minnesota Farm Income Outlook.” RaFF Report #14-2024, Division
of Applied Social Sciences, University of Missouri – Columbia. October 18th, 2024.
Arkansas Farm Income Outlook
Spring 2024
Recommended citation: Kruse, J., Biram, H., Loy, R. & T. Washburn. April 2024. Spring 2024 Arkansas Farm Income Outlook. RaFF Report #02-2024. Available at: https://0c2075f7e9.nxcli.io/publications/#state-farm-income-estimates
Kansas Farm Income Outlook
Spring 2024
Recommended citation: Kruse, J., Parcell, J., Ifft, J., O’Brien, D., Ibendahl, G. & T. Washburn. April 2024. Spring 2024 Kansas Farm Income Outlook. RaFF Report #03-2024. Available at:
https://0c2075f7e9.nxcli.io/publications/#state-farm-income-estimates
Missouri Farm Income Outlook
Spring 2024
Recommended citation: Kruse, J. and T. Washburn. April 2024. Spring 2024 Missouri Farm Income Outlook. RaFF Report #05-2024. Available at: https://0c2075f7e9.nxcli.io/publications/#state-farm-income-estimates
Nebraska Farm Income Outlook
Spring 2024
Recommended citation: Kruse, J., Lubben, B., Brunkow, T., Dennis, E,. McClure, G., Parsons, J., Thompson, E., Walters. C. & T. Washburn. April 2024. Spring 2024 Nebraska Farm Income Outlook. RaFF Report #04-2024. Available at: https://0c2075f7e9.nxcli.io/publications/#state-farm-income-estimates
Illinois Farm Income Outlook
Spring 2024
Recommended citation: Kruse, J. and T. Washburn. April 2024. Spring 2024 Illinois Farm Income Outlook. RaFF Report #06-2024. Available at: https://0c2075f7e9.nxcli.io/publications/#state-farm-income-estimates
Iowa Farm Income Outlook
Spring 2024
Recommended citation: Kruse, J. and T. Washburn. April 2024. Spring 2024 Iowa Farm Income Outlook. RaFF Report #07-2024. Available at: https://0c2075f7e9.nxcli.io/publications/#state-farm-income-estimates
Minnesota Farm Income Outlook
Spring 2024
Recommended citation: Kruse, J. and T. Washburn. April 2024. Spring 2024 Minnesota Farm Income Outlook. RaFF Report #08-2024. Available at: https://0c2075f7e9.nxcli.io/publications/#state-farm-income-estimates
Arkansas Farm Income Outlook
Fall 2023
Recommended citation: Kruse, J., Biram, H., Mitchell, J. & T. Washburn. September 2023. Fall 2023 Arkansas Farm Income Outlook. RaFF Report #04-2023. Available at: https://0c2075f7e9.nxcli.io/publications/#state-farm-income-estimates
Kansas Farm Income Outlook
Fall 2023
Recommended citation: Kruse, J., Parcell, J., Ifft, J., O’Brien, D., Ibendahl, G. & T. Washburn. September 2023. Fall 2023 Kansas Farm Income Outlook. RaFF Report #05-2023. Available at: https://0c2075f7e9.nxcli.io/publications/#state-farm-income-estimates
Missouri Farm Income Outlook
Fall 2023
Recommended citation: Kruse, J., and T. Washburn. October 2023. Fall 2023 Missouri Farm Income Outlook. RaFF Report #07-2023. Available at: https://0c2075f7e9.nxcli.io/publications/#state-farm-income-estimates
Nebraska Farm Income Outlook
Fall 2023
Recommended citation: Kruse, J., Lubben, B., Brunkow, T., Dennis, E., McClure, G., Parsons, J., Thompson, E., Van Tassell, L., Walters. C. & T. Washburn. October 2023. Fall 2023 Nebraska Farm Income Outlook. RaFF Report #06-2023. Available at: https://0c2075f7e9.nxcli.io/publications/#state-farm-income-estimates
Arkansas Farm Income Outlook
Spring 2023
Recommended citation: Maltsbarger, B., H. Biram and J. Mitchell . April 2023. Spring 2023 Arkansas Farm Income Outlook. RaFF Report #02-2023. Available at: https://0c2075f7e9.nxcli.io/publications/#state-farm-income-estimates
Missouri Farm Income Outlook
Spring 2023
Recommended citation: Maltsbarger, B. and S. Brown. April 2023. Spring 2023 Missouri Farm Income Outlook. RaFF Report #03-2023. Available at: https://0c2075f7e9.nxcli.io/publications/#state-farm-income-estimates
Nebraska Farm Income Outlook
Spring 2023
Recommended citation: Maltsbarger, B., Lubben, B., Brunkow, T., Dennis, E,. McClure, G., Parsons, J., Thompson, E., Van Tassell, L. & C. Walters. March 2023. Spring 2023 Nebraska Farm Income Outlook. RaFF Report #01-2023. Available at: https://0c2075f7e9.nxcli.io/publications/#state-farm-income-estimates
Missouri Farm Income Outlook
Fall 2022
Recommended citation: Maltsbarger, B. and S. Brown. September 2022. Fall 2022 Missouri Farm Income Outlook. RaFF Report #01-2022. Available at: https://0c2075f7e9.nxcli.io/publications/#state-farm-income-estimates
Nebraska Farm Income Outlook
Fall 2022
Recommended citation: Maltsbarger, B., Lubben, B., Brunkow, T., Dennis, E,. McClure, G., Parsons, J., Thompson, E., Van Tassell, L. & C. Walters. September 2022. Fall 2022 Nebraska Farm Income Outlook. RaFF Report #02-2022. Available at: https://0c2075f7e9.nxcli.io/publications/#state-farm-income-estimates
Riffs from RaFF
These short issue briefs explore topics related to farm and rural finance. Each brief asks forward-looking questions and highlights when the data differ by region.
The State of Missouri’s Beginning Farmers, September 2024
With Missouri agriculture facing an aging workforce, data on new and beginning farmers can offer important information about the long-term stability of a region’s agriculture. This brief will highlight key findings on Missouri’s beginning farmers from the 2022 Census of Agriculture.
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America’s Largest Ag Lender: A Primer on the Farm Credit System, February 2024
Since its chartering in 1916, the Farm Credit System (FCS) has provided financing to American farmers. This brief describes how FCS functions and where it is situated in the agricultural lending landscape.
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Commercial Lenders Bank on Relationships, Lead in Non-Real Estate Farm Loans, January 2024
Commercial banks include community banks serving nearby residents and businesses, and larger financial institutions with branches located throughout a region or the U.S. This brief details commercial banks’ farm lending activity and their role in the communities they serve.
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Main Street Banks are Not the Go-To Lenders for All Farm Businesses, December 2023
To fund purchases of land, facilities, machinery and operating inputs, farms often use debt financing. In recent years, providers of such financing have changed significantly. This brief summarizes the changes and details sources of financing most used by farms today.
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U.S. Pork – Kind of a Pig Deal, October 2023
In October, the United States recognizes Pork Month. According to USDA, the U.S. is the world’s third-largest producer and consumer of pork and pork products. This brief will examine the economic impact of the pork industry and will explore differences among RaFF’s collaborating states, based on the fall 2023 farm income outlooks.
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2023 Legislative Efforts Provide Opportunities for Missouri Agriculture, August 2023
Recently, Missouri Gov. Mike Parson signed Senate Bill 138 and House Bill 202 into law; these agriculture omnibus bills addressed priority areas for industry partners and farm operators. This brief highlights key pieces of legislation that could impact Missouri’s agriculture industry.
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Dipping into Dairy Economic Impact, June 2023
Each summer, June is celebrated as National Dairy Month in the United States. The latest Census of Agriculture indicates that nearly 55,000 farms across the country are home to 9.5 million milk cows. This brief evaluates the financial and economic impact of dairy production and key differences within RaFF’s collaborating states, based on the spring 2023 farm income outlooks.
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A Brief on Beef, May 2023
May marks National Beef Month in the United States. According to the 2017 Census of Agriculture data, there are nearly 730,000 beef farms across the country that account for 35% of all U.S. farm operations. This beef brief evaluates the financial and economic impact of beef production and key differences within RaFF’s collaborating states, based on the spring 2023 farm income outlooks.
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Who Owns the Farmland? More Questions than Answers, September 2022
Limited data on farmland ownership leads to more questions than answers as concerns about local land markets grow. While available historical data shows that more than half of farmland is controlled by owner-operators, this information is dated, and little is known about owner-operators or landlords. Up-to-date land ownership and control data are critical for sound analysis and policy development, and a call is made for increased focus on collecting such data.
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Different Factors Are Associated with Small and Large Meat Processor Survival, August 2022
Meat processing output and fluctuating price concerns have led to increased interest among policymakers. Large amounts of funding have been set aside to help improve industry resilience. To ensure this investment is effectively utilized, it is important to understand how plant characteristics, local workforce characteristics, and industry concentration may impact meat processing plant survival.
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Could Expiring CRP Acres Make a Difference? May 2022
Drought conditions and international conflict have led to concerns about food price inflation and shortages. When considering options for additional planted acreage, some look to expiring CRP acres. However, the potential for expiring CRP acres to impact overall commodity supply seems minimal.
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The Future of the Conservation Reserve Program, April 2022
Since the inception of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in 1985, the program has evolved into three sub-programs as various forces have reshaped goals and priorities. Over the last decade, the composition of CRP enrollment geographically has shifted. With current farm legislation expiring next year, CRP could be a significant issue in future farm policy debate.
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The Electric Vehicles Trend and Implications for Ethanol, March 2022
Electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to have a modest effect on ethanol demand over the next decade because the shift to EVs will likely be gradual. While U.S. motor fuel use is projected to decline, ethanol exports are expected to offset much of the difference. New sources of ethanol demand are potential bright spots for the industry.
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Agriculture’s Contribution to Rural Economies, February 2022
In 2020, production agriculture contributed more than $125 billion to the nonmetropolitan (rural) economy. It represented almost 6.8% of rural GDP — an increase of more than 30% compared with 2001. Regionally, however, production agriculture’s contribution to the rural economy varies.
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